The Biography of L.L. Thurstone Essay Example for Free

The Biography of L.L. Thurstone Essay Throughout Thurstone’s childhood he and his family suffered through the difficulty of having their name mispronounced and misspelled and thus the ThunstrO? m family changed their family name to Thurstone. Thurstone’s educational career began in grade school in Berwyn Illinois, and it was at the age of eight that the Thurstone family migrated to Stockholm, Sweden where L. L. studied the swedish language in order to assimilate into this new environment presented to him. After many years in their native country, the Thurstone family decided to move back to the U. S. A, specifically Jamestown, New York in 1901. Moving from Stockholm, Sweden back to the U. S proved to be an issue, and Thurstone had to relearn the english language by having tutoring sessions with a school principal. As a young child he earned his first award as a geometry contest winner. He won thirty dollars, and used that to buy objects that pertained to his hobbies. As a sophomore in high school he would then come to publish an article in the scientific journal the Scientific American on the ?issue of water consumption and the energy being used by the power companies and tourists in the Niagara Falls area. Continuing his educational career, after graduating high school Thurstone went on to pursue a Bachelor of Science in civil engineering at Cornell, but then later changed his major to electrical engineering. While pursuing his degree, Thurstone developed the motion picture camera and the projector, which unlike the older projectors, moved at a continuos and uniform manner. After developing and patenting these projects he went to Thomas Edison in his New Jersey lab to show what he had accomplished. Edison took Thurstone’s machines and reviewed them. While Edison reviewed Thurstone’s work, Thurstone revisited his interest in the psychology behind what is machine design. Thurstone wanted to research how it was that the operator learned the visual-motor coordination necessary to use a particular machine, which in later years became known as human engineering. Thurstone wanted to understand learning as a function. In order to understand learning as a function Thurstone visited and partook in lectures by professor Madison Bentley and E. B. Tichnener. One of the professors that most inspired Thurstone was engineering professor Dexter Kimball. Kimball taught the idea of the psychological history of machines which greatly interested Thurstone It was later in his life when Thurstone would recollect on the teaching manner of Kimball and later use the same teaching techniques himself. After a long examination of the machines Thurstone had presented to Edison, Thurstone finally heard back from Edison; it was 1912 when Edison was offering him an assistantship at his New Jersey laboratory. It wasn’t until after Thurstone received his Masters in Engineering that he ?would come to accept this position. Edison was another person that influenced Thurstone, in the same way that Edison would experiment and review his projects a thousand or more times, as would Thurstone, which proved to be helpful later in his career. Following his assistantship with Edison, Thurstone became an instructor at the engineering college of the University of Minnesota, and his courses included geometry and drafting. While an instructor at the University of Minnesota, Thurstone enrolled in a graduate program course that focused on experimental psychology. This course was taught by Herbert Woodrow and J. B. Miner and interested Thurstone, because of his interest in learning as a function. He first approached this course through the educational lens, but than saw it best to see it through the psychological perspective, which interested him the most. After finding this new passion for psychology he then became the assistant in the new Division of Applied Psychology at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, where he was an assistant for two years. After completing his assistantship, Thurstone received his PhD. in psychology in 1917. To receive his PhD. e wrote his dissertation on the learning curve, one of his favorite topics. Three years after receiving his PhD. Thurstone started the journey of Thurstone’s leadership role in the psychology departments throughout his professional career. In 1920 he served as a chairman in the psychology department at Carnegie Institute of Technology. After serving as the chairman, a government supported institute for research contacted him to make manuals and other materials to stimulate the improvement of civil service examination, which began his journey in the world of human examination. After being granted support from the government he was granted access to the American Council on Education (ACE) who asked him to make an examination of their own. This examination was to guide college admission ?decisions. While constructing his exams he asked his college sweetheart, Thelma Gwinn to work alongside him. Like Thurstone, Thelma wished to pursue a PhD. in Psychology and thus they both moved to the University of Chicago around 1924, the same time Gwinn and Thurstone married. While Thurstone was associate professor of psychology, Gwinn birthed three sons and pursued her PhD in psychology. As associate professor Thurstone taught courses on statistics and mental test theory, his specialized subject. This mental test theory class consisted of the assumption of normality within age groups and estimated the mean and variance at each age, causing the mental test theory. While associate professor at University of Chicago, Thurstone published many articles in the Psychological Review and American Psychological Association (APA) from 1926 to 1928. While contributing articles to the many journals in the psychology community Thurstone also contributed by creating a basis of psychological measurement that was in contrast to Fechner, Muller, and Titchener. His measurement accommodates to to the intelligence, ability or achievements and attitudes or opinion; a psychology construct that lacks any direct physical correlation with what the other psychologist thought of. The method he used was the use of judges and a scale. After working at the University of Chicago for many years Thurstone was finally granted an office space in the building of social sciences which he converted into his psychometrics laboratory. After building this lab he started writing a series of psychometric lab reports, which consisted of precisely 81. While working at the University of Chicago at his psychometrics lab during WWI he authored vocational tests for classifying military personnel and from 1919 through 1923 he authored tests of intelligence, clergical skills, engineering aptitude and ingenuity. After Thurstone authored his examinations, he and Gwinn joined together and authored annual editions of ACE examinations for high school seniors and college freshmen and the success of his examinations came from his training in engineering which made him take into consideration the different variables never considered before. It was in this time that the Work Progress Administration contacted him and asked for an exam on their b ehalf, after having done many examination it came to the conclusion that Thurstone had authored 57 or so examinations. In result he constructed the Primary Mental Abilities (PMA) and around this time he gained access to the Chicago public when Gwinn became a psychology instructor at Chicago Teachers College in 1938, which provided access to a broader range in ages for his mental test examinations. This access brought about the beginning to many opportunities for Thurstone such as co-founding the Science Research Associates and agreeing to be chief examiner at the University of Chicago for a course that gave credit to students vi examination. In the passing years he became president of the Midwestern Psychological Association, President of the APA, President of the Psychometrics society, gained membership to the National Academy of Science along with 17 other psychologist, was a Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, President of APA’s Division on Evaluation and Measurement and Honorary Fellow of the British Psychological Society. During WWII Thurstone continued his work as an examiner and served as a member of the committee on classification on military personnel of the U. S. Adjutant General’s Office and authored psychological tests for the selection of military and classification of the soldiers. After working for the military for quite some time Thurstone received grants for research which led to employment tests, hedonic scales, and create and experimentally evaluate objective tests for a measurement of human temperament. From the years of 1948 to 1949 he became a visiting psychology professor at the University of Frankfort and around this time he built a seminar room in home and had visiting professors and speakers from inside and outside of the U. S. A couple years after establishing his seminar room the Thurstone-Gwinn family moved to North Carolina due to the fact that Thurstone had reached 65 and had to retire from the University of Chicago. At his home in North Carolina e still had seminars and re-established his psychometrics in the Nash Hall and continued his lab reports. It wasn’t until September 19th of 1955 when Thurstone Died. It surprised many since Thurstone had scheduled to be a visiting professor at the University of Stockholm a year before and had scheduled many seminars in between. To continue his great mental test examinations, Thelma Gwinn succeeded him as the director of the Psychometrics Lab. Thurstone had contributed many ideas and authored many examinations which still r emain prevalent to this day.

Winter in the Blood by James Welch Essay -- Native American Novels Win

Winter in the Blood by James Welch Winter in the Blood, a Native American novel written by James Welch, takes place on a cattle ranch in Montana, around 1970. On the surface, this is a story of a Blackfoot Indian sleepwalking through his life, tormented by visions, in search of a connection to his heritage. Welch's language is, at once, blunt and poetic, and the pictures it conjures are dreamlike and disquieting. Furthermore, the narrator of the novel is disheartened by the loss of his brother, Mose, and his father, First Raise ? the two most cherished people in his life. After struggling with guilt, sorrow, and alcoholism, the narrator overcomes these down falls through re-identifying with himself and his culture? specifically through the help of his grandfather, Yellow Calf.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the opening line of the novel, the narrator provides a vivid description of the his decaying surroundings:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  'In the tall weeds of the borrow pit, I took a leak and watched the sorrel mare, her   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  colt beside her, walk through burnt grass to the shady side of the long-and-mud   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cabin . . . . The roof had fallen in and the mud between the logs had fallen out in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  chunks, leaving a bare gray skeleton, home only to mice and insects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tumbleweeds, stark as bone, rocked in a hot wind against the west wall (1).'; Welch opens the story with this line to show a relationship between the narrator's feelings of worthlessness and the worthlessness of his environment. In addition, the author melodically begins the novel in a somber manner ? so the reader may immediately adjust to the tone encompassing the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The narrator continues with describing his resentment towards his home life, 'Coming home was not easy anymore. It was never a cinch, but it had become a torture (2).'; This excerpt provides the reader with an understanding of the sorrow that the protagonist feels at the beginning of the novel and throughout the first half. Further narration includes the protagonists feelings of distance from the land and blame that he places upon himself, 'But the distance I felt came not from country or people; it came from within me (2).'; Thus, as the reader, we understand that the narrator has removed himself from the land and his culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the narrator's journey to find his girlfriend, Welch clearly demonstrates the overabundant use of alco... ...Yellow Calf and to ask him if he was ever acquainted with his 'grandmother'; (another twist: not old woman) (152). And, yes, Yellow Calf did know his grandmother and was able to provide the narrator with the missing pieces, of his grandmother's stories, that he longed for: that Yellow Calf is his grandfather and that he was the only one that treated his grandmother with respect after Standing Bear's death. Once the narrator realized this they,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  'shared this secret in the presence of ghosts, in wind that called forth the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  muttering of tepees, the blowing snow, the white air of the horses' nostril . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  but there were others, so many others (159).'; It is then that the narrator completely absorbs the teachings from Yellow Calf, and allows his life to come full circle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the end, through the guidance of Yellow Calf, the protagonist discovers himself, learns to respect the natural order of the land, and overcomes the guilt and sorrow that has lived within him for many years. The physical journey may be complete, but the spiritual voyage will continue for a lifetime. Works Cited: Welch, James. Winter in the Blood ,New York : Penguin Books, 1974.

Coursework on ‘Othello’

A tragic event is a disastrous and dreadful event. A tragedy is usually when someone is killed. A hero is usually a man who is courageous and displays noble qualities; he is perceived by people to be very muscular and strong. So a tragic hero is a person who is an exceptional person, but has a fatal flaw. This is normally exposed and then twisted by the villain. To the audience he is amazing, and so when he is killed it is a tragedy for the audience as the world has lost such an outstanding person, the hero then can no longer contribute to society. In this play the tragic hero is Othello. He is a tragic hero as he as achieved a lot. He is an outsider, and also is not very young; in addition he is not white, but black. Even though he is all of this he still becomes a general and attracts a very beautiful seventeen year old girl. But he has a flaw; this is his jealousy. This flaw is twisted and exploited by the villain of the play, Iago. As the play goes on we see how jealousy corrupts the mind of Othello, resulting in his death. In this play there are many different themes shaped and formed. These are jealousy, men and women and race and colour. The main theme represented in this play, is jealousy. There are three main types of jealousy in this play they are professional, sexual and racial. Professional jealousy is portrayed by Iago in this play as he is jealous of Michael Cassio. This is because he was promoted to lieutenant by Othello and Iago was not. Iago calls Michael Cassio a ‘great arithmetician' he shows that he is jealous of Cassio as he is doing better than him even though he is also a outsider. He may have become Othello's lieutenant as he, like Othello, is an outsider. When Iago says ‘A fellow almost damned in a fair wife' he is showing that he is sexually jealous of Cassio as he is more sexually attractive than him and many women like him. This makes Iago feel more hate and jealousy for Cassio. When Iago is talking to Brabantio he says ‘An old black ram is tupping your white ewe' this is showing that Iago is racially jealous of Othello. Therefore this shows that Iago is jealous that Othello has married a beautiful and noble, young girl. All of these various types of jealousy felt by Iago in the play lead to terrible tragedies. The opening scene creates a build up of atmosphere with political and social aspects. The scene begins at night in Venice. Venice was infamous for political intrigue. There were many Machiavellian characters around. It was known to be an amoral place, where the people could not be trusted as they where cunning and sly. The scene is set at night where dark and underhand deeds are covered up, and not seen by the light of day. It begins with two characters, Roderigo and Iago, disputing. Roderigo is fervent to possess Desdemona, with the help of Iago. They talk about another character who has been appointed by the council, general of the Venetian army. We learn that he is a Moor and an outsider. Also we find out that one Michael Cassio is the lieutenant, a position which Iago craves. Othello in this scene is not referred to by name, and we soon learn that he is hated by Roderigo and Iago. All of this talk about Othello makes the audience anxious to find out about him and meet this quite exceptional person. This causes a mood and atmosphere of curiosity and dramatic tension. In the first scene of ‘Othello' Iago is introduced. This scene is very important as it lays the foundations for the tragedies which develop later in the play. As he is introduced he has a big impact on the audience. He is portrayed in the first scene to be a person who is in control of what he does, and someone who has control over others, and seems to be someone who is ambitious. Iago is brought into the first scene talking to Roderigo. Roderigo begins the dialogue with Iago. In his few opening lines he says ‘Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine, shouldst know of this. This shows that Roderigo does not trust Iago about him being able to procure Desdemona, from Othello for him. Also this shows the audience that Iago's services can be bought with money, revealing that he is mercenary. Furthermore the name Iago sounds Spanish, so to the Stuart audience this would show instantly that he was a malevolent character, as at this time to England the Spanish people were enemies. Following Roderigo's few words, Iago replies with a blasphemous ‘sblood' meaning God's blood. This shows his derision for Christ and for Christian values. This single word would have shocked and surprised the Stuart audience, who were religious. Iago asserts his hate towards the ‘Moor' Othello. He says in great detail about Othello ‘off-capped to him; I am worth no worse a place. But he, as loving his own pride and purposes, evades them with a bombast circumstance, horribly stuffed with epithets of war. ‘ Here he is telling Roderigo how he despises Othello for not letting him become a lieutenant, instead passing him over for ‘one Michael Cassio, a Florentine. Iago then calls Cassio ‘a great arithmetician' this is Iago being sarcastic; he is implying that Michael Cassio has no experience or idea of war. Iago speaks on talking about Michael Cassio by insulting where he is from, saying that he is a ‘Florentine'. He is saying that Cassio the Florentine knows nothing of war. This displays Iago of being racially prejudiced to foreigners and outsiders. This is the same for Othello; there may be a reason to why Cassio was chosen over Iago as Cassio and Othello are both outsiders. Iago comments on Cassio, of being ‘a fellow almost damned in a fair wife. This reveals that he may be sexually jealous of Cassio, as many women are attracted to him. Iago continues on, to again insult Cassio even more saying ‘that never set a squadron in the field, nor the division of a battle knows more than a spinster, unless the bookish theoric. ‘ This shows that he may be upset about being passed over for promotion, and his abhorrence for Cassio. I believe from what I have seen from what Iago says about Cassio, he may feel intellectually inferior to Cassio as he says ‘as masterly as he is' screening that Iago may feel he has been challenged by someone better and more academic than him. This is the audience's first sign of professional jealousy. Iago then finally ends this speech with a sardonic phrase of ‘his moorship' this is a derogatory connotation, which is a play on the phrase ‘his worship. ‘ Iago proves to Roderigo just how much he hates Othello, by insulting him and by slandering Cassio. With all of this hatred Iago has he causes the demotion of Cassio, the murder of Desdemona, the suicide of Othello and the downfall of himself. Our visions of Othello are all shaped by what Iago says in his dialogue with Roderigo. The audience may become doubtful of what Iago says as his views are amoral. There are important lines from this long speech revealing Iago's real character. But the main theme of this speech is how he hates Othello, and his lack of true loyalty and integrity. Moreover he tells Roderigo his plan and how it will affect him; Roderigo follows Iago foolishly not seeing that he is being used because of his desire to possess Desdemona. This speech also shows how Iago is able to ingeniously manipulate people. He begins to say ‘I follow him to serve my turn upon him' this is basically showing how is only serving Othello to help himself and using it for his advantage. This shows that Iago is ambitious as he knows what he wants, and does anything to get it. Also he is disloyal and self-serving as he is just getting what he wants out of his actions, and is betraying his so called friend Othello. In addition he is cunning and sly getting exactly what he wants, by deceiving people. He says an important line which is ‘heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty' this shows that Iago is not interested in love and does not really care about it. He has no concept of love. This leads to the later point of his attitude towards women in general. He also says the blasphemous phrase of ‘I am not what I am' this shows that he is going against God's words of ‘I am what I am. ‘ This shows that he once again is disrespectful of Christian values and of Christ. But this line could also be showing that Iago may have a layer to his character, which is unseen by other people. We can see that what Roderigo says is an echo of how Iago speaks, especially about Othello. We witness Roderigo say a racist comment about Othello, ‘the thick-lips owe. ‘ This is a phrase which is mirrored from the way Iago addresses Othello. Iago is manipulating people to become like him, evil. Iago feels he needs to instigate his plan and tells Roderigo to ‘rouse Brabantio, make after him, poison his delight, proclaim him in the streets. ‘ This shows that Iago delights in causing trouble and enjoys stage managing chaos. Roderigo is polite and kind in talking to the senator, getting them nowhere so it is Iago's crude and disgusting descriptions of ‘an old black ram, is tupping your white ewe' which make Brabantio irate. The animal imagery here is representing the sexual connection between Desdemona the noble women with the ‘Moor' general Othello. This sexual reference is then linked with the suggestion of Cassio being ‘a fellow almost damned in a fair wife,' and with his job to help match up Roderigo and Desdemona. This shows that Iago thinks of women to be objects, and disregards love. He is unable to understand love, or the relationships between men and women. We can see from this scene that Iago is able to control and manipulate people to his own advantage. From this scene altogether we see that Iago is a cynical malcontent. He is malicious in his acts and crude with his language, he is able to manipulate people for his own needs, and exaggerates situations to his own advantage. We see how he despises men who wear their hearts on their sleeves, and who don't look out for their own interests. He likes people, who are self-serving, and people who do evil deeds for money, people who are untrustworthy and who pretend to be honest. His speeches in these scenes are energetic and shocking to many audiences, they are full of egotistical disgust. Furthermore Iago has an underhand way of being absent when actions which he has instigated come to head. Iago is a compelling and sophisticated villain. In this play there are two main scenes where Iago puts his Machiavellian plans in to operation. Iago's plans are malicious; he puts his plans into action in act 2 scene 3, and in act 3 scene 3. In act 2 scene 3 all of Iago's tactics and ideas become reality. Upon arrival in Cyprus Iago persuades Cassio to have a drink by saying ‘come, lieutenant, I have a stoup of wine. ‘ Cassio keeps on refusing Iago's offers, as he has ‘very poor and unhappy brains for drinking. ‘ But Cassio is not able to resist it, and takes some wine, causing him to become ‘full of quarrel and offence. ‘ Iago perceives this as his chance to instigate his plan. Continuing to manipulate Roderigo effortlessly, he makes him start off a quarrel and a brawl with Cassio. Cassio gets wound up by Roderigo, as Roderigo gives witty remarks like ‘beat me? ‘ These comments from Roderigo and the fact that he is drunk cause Cassio to get aggravated, and therefore fight. Othello gets alerted by the brawl, and finds Montano and Cassio fighting. Montano is hurt, ‘zounds I bleed still. ‘ Othello asks ‘honest Iago' to find out what happened. This is dramatic irony as Othello thinks that Iago is an honest person, whereas the audience knows that he is not, that he is crude and evil. This puts the audience in the position of knowing more than the characters, increasing tension. Othello dismisses Cassio from his position, and he is demoted, just as Iago wanted. As Cassio is dismissed, Iago gets the chance to take his place, and get access to Othello so he can poison and corrupt his mind with his words. Iago speaks and acts in this scene as if he always has someone else's interests at heart. He enjoys presenting himself in the best possible light. In this scene as Othello is being informed on the brawl by Iago, Iago acts as if he wants to help Cassio, he says to Othello ‘I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth than it should do offence to Michael Cassio. This is all part of Iago's plan to make himself look trustworthy and loyal, towards Othello. He here seems to be reluctant to accuse Cassio. This is not only to make Iago look loyal, but also to make Othello see how disgracefully his lieutenant has acted. Othello likes to here the direct truth, even though he appreciates the false ‘protection' of Cassio, given by Iago. We see Iago's ingenious and spiteful ideas when he decides to use Desdemona, who is innocent, and who he has no quarrel with, to ‘enmesh them all. ‘ We see how pleased he is in his speech, that he has the intelligence and power to turn Desdemona's ‘virtue into pitch. As before we see how Iago dislikes honesty and innocence. Even Iago's wife Emilia, is fooled in thinking that Iago wants to help Michael Cassio. Iago's only loyalty is to himself. Iago's imagery is crude, he will convince Othello that all the meetings that Iago and Desdemona are having, is an affair. He is planting the seeds of jealousy into Othello's mind. He tries to convince him that his wife wants Cassio, and that she will ‘undo her credit with the Moor. Ã¢â‚¬Ë œ In this scene Iago disrupts Othello's wedding night, and Iago turns Othello against the people he trusted and loved. Act 3 scene 3 is the pivotal scene where Iago puts his Machiavellian plans into operation. Iago wants Othello to perceive that Cassio is having an affair with Cassio. Iago in this scene once again is pretending to be friends with Cassio. Iago knows exactly how Othello operates, and so he knows how to get inside his head. Iago tries to avoid answering Othello's questions directly. He does this as he knows this builds up suspicion in Othello's mind. He also often imitates Othello's questions as he Othello says ‘is he honest. ‘ Subsequently Iago avoids the question and says ‘honest my lord! This is another technique that Iago uses to raise suspicion from ‘Othello. Iago when talking to Othello about Desdemona repeatedly reminds him how she had deceitfully behaved, and the painful reminder that he is an outsider. Iago tells Othello that she could have made other ‘natural' choices. Iago keeps angering Othello by manipulating and poisoning his mind. Iago tells Othello ‘look to your wife; observe her well with Cassio; where your eyes thus, not jealous nor secure. ‘ He essentially tells Othello to see his wife neutrally, and not to get angry when looking upon her with Cassio. Another way that Iago tries to persuade Othello is by saying ‘she did deceive her father, and when she seem'd to shake and fear your looks. ‘ Iago here tries to show Othello that she is not loyal and noble, as she already deceived her father by marrying him, because of what she wanted. So Iago is questioning Othello, on what is stopping her from doing it again. Iago pretends to care about Othello as he says ‘trust me I fear it has. I hope you will consider what is spoke comes from my love. ‘ He is telling Othello that he has his best interests at heart. After Iago knows that the poison he gave to Othello through words has held, and once Othello has become vengeful, he knows he must take the role of being a noble and loyal friend. There is irony here as Othello is seeking to kill Cassio; he is carrying out Iago's revenge for him. WE find out from this scene that Othello is weak and insecure, as the emotion of love that he has for Desdemona loses against Iago's crude language. Othello left alone he wonders ‘Why did I marry? ‘ This shows that he already knows that his wife is false. He begins to speak of ‘the curse of marriage. ‘ Although he resists Iago's version of Desdemona, it is the fake story of Cassio having a dream about her which breaks him. He returns angry much more angry with his words, but still does not know what to believe ‘I think my wife be honest, and think she is not. ‘ But we see from the crude images conjuring in his mind, and the violence of his speech that Iago is winning. He speaks violently of ‘poison, or fire, or suffocating streams. ‘ He curses ‘death and damnation' and says ferociously ‘I'll tear her all to pieces. We see here that Iago has fully corrupted his mind, and Othello like Roderigo is beginning to talk with crude and malicious language, just like Iago. Iago's plans in act 3 scene 3 are successful, as he is able to demote Cassio from his position. Iago is able to successfully play a number of roles, and is able to adapt his tone and style to suit any occasion. In this scene Iago acts apparently loyal, and as if he has everybody else's interests at heart. He presents himself as a noble friend to Cassio, and in the best possible light. From discrediting Cassio, Iago is able to get close to Othello. This then means that he is able to corrupt and poison Othello's mind, with his crude words. The demotion weakens Othello's position, and gives Iago a great advantage to put his wicked plan into operation. As Iago gains access to Othello's mind from Cassio, he is able to use his skills in manipulation, to make Othello see things that are not actually happening. He makes Othello perceive that Cassio is having an affair with Desdemona, and that she is being unfaithful towards him. Also he makes Othello demote Cassio because of a brawl, which Roderigo initiated. These events, which are stage managed by Iago all lead to the tragic denouement, Othello and Desdemona's deaths. The way he acts in this scene is similar to the way he acts in act 1 scene, as he pretends to have Roderigo's interests at heart in act 1 scene 1, and in act 2 scene 3 he acts as if he has Cassio's interests at heart. In both scenes he appears to be loyal to his friends, when he is actually fooling everyone and is only loyal to himself. Also in both of these scenes he is always manipulating people, just to see the downfall of Othello. Part of Iago's success in act 2 scene 3 lies in the fact that he tells all of his victims exactly what they want to hear, or he uses arguments which would make his victims think like him, in a crude malicious manner. Act 3 scene 3 is the pivotal point in the play because Othello is convinced of his wife's corruption; Othello makes a sacred oath never to change his mind about her or to soften his feelings towards her until he acts out a violent revenge. At this point, Othello is fixed in his course, and the disastrous ending of the play is unavoidable. Othello swears to Iago that he will kill Desdemona and Cassio. Just as the play replaces the security of peace with the anxiety of domestic strife, Othello replaces the security of his marriage with the hateful paranoia of an alliance with Iago. Iago is the one who causes Othello's downfall, as he sows the seeds of suspicion in his mind. Iago's methods in this scene are more subtle. He pretends to be reluctant to speak. Desdemona keeps irritating Othello, by asking when he will reinstate Cassio. This angers Othello as; he is already suspicious of Cassio having an affair with Desdemona. Iago persistently acts as if he is protecting Cassio. Othello becomes more and more suspicious from what Iago tells him, and Iago uses ‘key' words which get to Othello, for example ‘think' and ‘honest. ‘ We can see how Iago falsely protects Cassio as he says, ‘I think Cassio's an honest man. ‘ Iago is protecting Cassio and not telling Othello the direct truth. This causes Othello to feel more suspicious of Cassio. Iago tells Othello about how Cassio and Desdemona have secretly been meeting, and so when Othello perceives it himself he becomes infuriated. Othello gives the secret of his downfall to Iago. This is Othello's flaw. Othello says ‘when I love thee not, chaos is come again. ‘ The significance is that if Othello stops loving Desdemona he will disintegrate, and crumble to pieces. Iago now has something to act on, and can exploit this feeling, to ‘poison' and destroy Othello. Iago's final words in this scene chillingly mock the language of love and marriage: ‘I am your own forever. ‘ Iago is a malicious, malevolent and crude person. He is able to manipulate, and twist people's feelings to his own advantage. He is brilliant at stage managing events, and is capable of hoodwinking others to believe he is honest. When Iago speaks in his soliloquies he is boastful and dismissive. Iago is a very untrustworthy character, as we have seen from how he has fooled everyone to trust him. Iago is a complex character, only himself and the audience knows what he is really like. In this play we see how Iago is able to put his skills of manipulation into act. Many believe he may have a homosexual side and tries to replace Desdemona, but this is only some views as his relationship with Othello is very complicated. Iago is highly intellectual socially. In this play he is the bringer off death and pain upon many characters, he is like the grim reaper. Iago is partly responsible for bringing death to Othello, but it is not all his fault. It is true that he used his skills to manipulate people, and his ability to ‘poison' and corrupt people's minds to bring Othello's downfall, but it is also the faults of the people he manipulated, for being weak minded. Roderigo, who was firstly manipulated, followed Iago as his drive and passion to possess Desdemona got in the way. Cassio's flaw was that he only became manipulated as he believed Iago was his true friend, and that he was there to help him, he was also too trusting. Desdemona also had a fatal flaw, which was that she could be deceitful; also she loved and trusted Othello to a great extent. Finally Iago's greatest achievement was convincing and manipulating Othello. Othello has the most significant fatal flaw; he had a high amount of jealousy. Iago was able to exploit all of these weaknesses. But the biggest was Othello's which all lead to the catastrophic deaths of Othello and his Desdemona.

The Goal Of Qualitative Research Essay - 1434 Words

According to my notes taken from a recorded lecture by Dr. Worley (Spring, 2016), the goal of Qualitative Research is to explore, describe and explain human behavior. This method of research involves close listening and observation and gives insights that other research methods cannot. Qualitative data is not numerical; words are used for presenting results and qualitative research is thematic in nature. Qualitative research usually involves fewer participants’ due to the observation methods utilized. Results are unique and individual. There are various methods used to perform qualitative research such as: †¢ Ethnography or human social behavior or cultures which is achieved through participant observations or fieldwork †¢ Interviews which are usually one on one †¢ Focus Groups of 6-10 people; summarize answers to group questions for research †¢ Open-ended questionnaires The goal of Quantitative Research is to predict and generalize human behavior. Qualitative Research also begins with observation. Quantitative data is numerical; researcher is more concerned with numbers and statistics. Quantitative research involves summarizing large amounts of data. There are various methods used to perform quantitative research such as: †¢ Surveys †¢ Experimental †¢ Correlations †¢ Causal-Comparison 2. Based on the problems I perceive in the case study my research questions would be: Quantitative RQ: What percentage of men and women resort to some type of aggression in the workplace due to jobShow MoreRelatedIntroduction The main goal of this research paper is to present a qualitative study that examines2000 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The main goal of this research paper is to present a qualitative study that examines why the relationship between employees and leaders is disintegrating on a daily basis. The qualitative study is framed by the fact that organizations are increasingly at risk of paying the price for the existing conflict between leaders and employees. The study examines this problem based on the influence of organizational leadership behavior on the perception of employees in a workplace in light ofRead MoreResearch Methods Of Quantitative Research1087 Words   |  5 Pages Week 2 Assignment Adam Morrison PSY 326 Research Methods Jessica Lee Qualitative researchers are focused on interpreting and making sense out of what they observe rather than trying to simplify and quantify these observations by collecting and observing people, places and things in their natural setting. In doing this, researchers are able to investigate hypothesis with more freedom and rigidity while accepting the fact that they relinquish their ability to control direct and indirectRead MoreDefinition Of Quantitative Research Methods944 Words   |  4 PagesQuantitative research methods are most generally worried with weighing criminological or criminal justice existence. In order for this method to be understood, there are numerous amounts of conditions which must be initially recognized. Concepts are hypothetical labels assigned on reality that are appointed binary characters, hence making them changeable. Variables are then investigated to inspect designs of affiliation, as well as a chain of reaction. At the most basic level, there exists at l eastRead MoreThe Learning Goals For A Professional Nurse987 Words   |  4 PagesThe learning goals for this course incorporate a combination of personal fears and topics which are needed to improve my standing as a professional nurse. The first learning goal of this course is understanding the research process. This will be covered in module four of the course. The basic understanding of the framework of the research process is an important first step in deciphering the verbosity of research studies. Individuals attempting to research a problem and those reading and studyingRead MoreQuantitative And Quantitative Research Methods1520 Words   |  7 PagesResearch is a process that is systematic and gathers, analyzes and interprets data collected about a specific subject with the objective of better understanding and meeting a goal (Leedy Ormond, 2010). Before initiating the research process the researchers need to have a clear understanding of the question and the goal of what is going to be studied or investigated. The development of a plan designed with specific methods needs to be included to acquire relevant data. The research should be guidedRead MoreEssay on Qualitative and Quantitative1045 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative and Quantitative Abstract Quantitative and qualitative research designs have many different points that lead them down different paths to achieve results. In this paper an argument will be presented to show a few of the differences among these designs. First the goal of investigation for both qualitative and quantitative research will be explained to give understanding of what the researcher hopes to find out. Then the data collection will be analyzed and compared toRead MoreUse of Qualitative and Quantitative Research979 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1 - All research activities begin with a question. Research, in its most basic form is the process of answering that question, or questions. Academic research, though, is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information so that it increases the understanding of the phenomenon under study (Holton Burnett, 2005). Regardless of the complexity or nature of the research project, there are at least eight characteristics that help define the process: 1) Re search originates with a questionRead MoreQuantitative, Qualitative And Quantitative Methodologies804 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Along with qualitative and quantitative methodologies in research, the trend of combining both qualitative and quantitative methodologies is widely used and increasingly articulated, attached to research practice and recognized as the third major research approach or research paradigm (Johnson, Onwuegbuzie Turner, 2007). As cited by Anaf and Sheppard (2007), Key in 1997 suggested the theory and meaning, qualitative and quantitative methodologies are distinct. A qualitative methodology’s focusRead MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative research explains, describes and characterizes the subject of investigation by focusing on words rather than numbers. It mainly collects the non-numerical data to describe a problem and helps to create ideas for further research. In qualitative research, data are collected through focus groups, interviews, direct observation or evaluation of archival material such as newspapers. Qualitative research has a qualitative dimension and relies on the background and context to analyze data.Read MoreResearch Is A Critical Part Of Becoming A Practitioner1007 Words   |  5 PagesWhile it may not seem important, research is a critical part of becoming a practitioner. Understanding statistics will help you become a more compassionate and helpful counselor because it will help guide your choice of interventions. Evidence based knowledge is ethical and helps guide your effectiveness along with helping you to avoid being misled by those who are marshalling support for their own agenda. Research encompasses a large range of activities which can be incorporated into everyday professional